همو

مكز

علم

capture

• Syrian rebels capture ar-Raqqah, making it the first major city to come under rebel control during the Syrian civil war.
• A newly discovered Y-chromosome haplogroup is thought to push back the time of Y-chromosomal Adam to 338,000 years ago.
• Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez (pictured) dies at the age of 58.
• A standoff in Lahad Datu between the Malaysian Armed Forces and a group claiming to represent the Sultanate of Sulu escalates into a military conflict in eastern Sabah.
• Al-Qaeda confirms that one of its commanders, Abdelhamid Abou Zeid, was killed in the Northern Mali conflict.
• In Bangladesh, widespread protests result in more than 50 deaths afterIslamist politician Delwar Hossain Sayeedi is convicted of war crimes and sentenced to death.

XEmacs 20.4

Versions

In general, users receive Gnus bundled with their copy of Gnu Emacs or XEmacs and only need to worry about version numbers if they want to upgrade to newer and more featureful versions themselves instead of receiving updates through Emacs or their operating system's packaging system.

The following versions have been released:

• Gnus 5 ((ding) Gnus) – November 1995
  • Gnus 5.1 rebranded 5.0.13 bundled with GNU Emacs 19.30/19.31^[1]
• Gnus 5.2 (September Gnus) – May 1996
  • Gnus 5.3, a rebranded 5.2.38 bundled with GNU Emacs 19.32 and all later versions of GNU Emacs 19.x^[1]
• Gnus 5.4 (Red Gnus) – January 25, 1997
  • Gnus 5.5, a rebranded 5.4 bundled with GNU Emacs 20.1 (September 17, 1997) and also included in XEmacs 20.4
• Gnus 5.6 (Quassia Gnus) – March 8, 1998
• Gnus 5.8 (Pterodactyl Gnus) – December 3, 1999
• Gnus 5.10 (Oort Gnus) – May 1, 2003
  • Gnus 5.11, a rebranded 5.10 bundled with GNU Emacs 22.1 (June 2, 2007). 5.10/5.11 development from the "Oort" development branch wrapped up around 2008. Some 5.11 versions, such as that packaged by Ubuntu Linux as "5.11+v0.10", are actually based on the later "No Gnus" development branch.
• Gnus 5.13 (No Gnus) - bundled with GNU Emacs 23.1 (July 29, 2009)
  • The "No Gnus" development branch began January 4, 2004 and wrapped up in early 2012 with version 0.19.
• Ma Gnus is the current development version, v0.1 released in early 2012.

The odd minor version numbers, like 5.3 and 5.5 are for the Gnus versions bundled with GNU Emacs. The even version numbers are the unbundled releases. So for example, Gnus 5.5 is similar to Gnus 5.4, but bundled with Emacs 20.1.

Development is done using "named versions", whose first letters run backwards in the alphabet; "No Gnus" v0.19 was released in early 2012, and development transitioned to "Ma Gnus". No named version ever reaches 1.0, instead when it is considered stable enough for general release, it sheds its name and gets packaged with as simply "Gnus <version number>". Entering the "V" command in the Groups buffer of a running copy of Gnus will usually cause it to divulge a version number, but there is no easy way for an end user to know if, for example, "No Gnus 0.9" is older or newer than "Gnus 5.10.8".

[edit]See also

HTML

Emacs/W3 is a text-based web browser for the GNU Emacs text editor, written primarily by William M. Perry and entirely in GNU Emacs Lisp. Emacs/W3 is part of the Sumo package for XEmacs, and the submodule for fetching an URL is currently part of the GNU EmacsCVS repository.

As noted by the maintainer, the W3 package is currently monolithic and somewhat obsolete. A project has been proposed toreengineer W3 for increased modularity. More current Emacs web browsers include an interface to w3m.

Dave Raggett was supported by Emacs/W3 and by tkWWW while working on a successor to HTML 2 called HTML+.^[2]

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